Choosing the Right Fire Extinguisher for Each Risk

Choosing the Right Fire Extinguisher for Each Risk

Choosing the Right Fire Extinguisher for Each Risk

Fire safety is a critical component of any Health, Safety, and Environment program. While many workplaces install fire extinguishers as a compliance requirement, selecting the wrong type for a specific hazard can render them ineffective or even dangerous.

Understanding fire classifications and extinguisher types ensures proper emergency response and minimizes potential damage.

Understanding Fire Classes

Fires are categorized into different classes based on the material involved. Each class requires a specific extinguishing method.

• Class A: Ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, and textiles.

• Class B: Flammable liquids including petrol, oils, and solvents.

• Class C: Flammable gases.

• Class D: Combustible metals.

• Electrical Fires: Energized electrical equipment.

• Class F: Cooking oils and fats, commonly found in commercial kitchens.

Identifying potential fire classes within the workplace is the first step in selecting appropriate extinguishers.

Common Types of Fire Extinguishers

Different extinguishers are designed to combat specific fire risks.

Water Extinguishers: Suitable primarily for Class A fires. They should never be used on electrical or flammable liquid fires.

Foam Extinguishers: Effective for Class A and Class B fires. Foam creates a barrier that prevents re-ignition of flammable liquids.

Dry Powder Extinguishers: Versatile and suitable for Class A, B, C, and electrical fires. However, powder residue may cause equipment damage and visibility reduction.

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Extinguishers: Ideal for electrical fires and flammable liquids. They leave no residue and are commonly used in offices and server rooms.

Wet Chemical Extinguishers: Specifically designed for Class F fires involving cooking oils and fats.

Risks of Using the Wrong Extinguisher

Using an incorrect extinguisher can intensify a fire or create additional hazards. For example, applying water to an electrical fire may cause electrocution, while water on burning oil can result in violent flare-ups.

Proper fire risk assessment is essential to prevent such incidents.

Employer Responsibilities Under HSE Regulations

Employers are legally required to conduct fire risk assessments, provide suitable firefighting equipment, and ensure that extinguishers are properly installed and maintained.

Regular inspections, servicing, and clear signage must be implemented to ensure readiness in case of emergency.

Training and Emergency Preparedness

Providing fire extinguishers alone is not sufficient. Employees must be trained on:

• Identifying fire types

• Selecting the appropriate extinguisher

• Safe operation techniques

• Evacuation procedures

Only trained individuals should attempt to extinguish small, manageable fires. Evacuation should always remain the priority in high-risk situations.

Conclusion

Choosing the right fire extinguisher for each risk is a fundamental aspect of workplace fire safety. Accurate fire risk assessments, proper equipment selection, and employee training significantly reduce the impact of fire emergencies.

A proactive and compliant fire safety strategy strengthens organizational resilience and reinforces overall Health, Safety, and Environment performance.

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        "pageTitle": "Emerging Fire Risks in Modern Workplaces",
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        "headline": "Emerging Fire Risks in Modern Workplaces",
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Fire incidents remain one of the most serious threats in workplaces. As industries modernize, new fire risks are emerging, making it essential for organizations to reassess their fire prevention and safety protocols.

Common Modern Fire Hazards in Workplaces

  • Overloaded electrical circuits often caused by multiple devices, poor wiring, or outdated systems.
  • Lithium-ion batteries used in power tools, laptops, backup systems and prone to thermal runaway if damaged or poorly stored.
  • Flammable chemicals found in maintenance rooms, labs, cleaning departments, and industrial facilities.
  • Improper storage of combustible materials including paper, packaging, and flammable waste.
  • Poor housekeeping, dust buildup, cluttered exits, and blocked fire equipment increase fire spread potential.
  • Faulty heating or cooling systems.


Key Health & Safety Impacts

Workplace fires can lead to:

  • Severe injuries and fatalities
  • Smoke inhalation and respiratory harm
  • Long-term trauma and psychological stress
  • Damage to property and business disruption
  • Legal and financial liabilities

Even small fires can result in significant downtime and safety risks.

Warning Signs That Should Never Be Ignored

  • Flickering lights
  • Burning smell near outlets
  • Overheated chargers or batteries
  • Tripped breakers
  • Blocked fire exits
  • Visible dust on electrical equipment
  • Missing or expired fire extinguishers


Effective Fire Prevention Measures

Employers can reduce fire risks by implementing the following:

  • Regular electrical inspections, ensure wiring, sockets, and circuits are safe and compliant.
  • Safe management of lithium batteries, use approved chargers, avoid overcharging, and isolate damaged batteries.
  • Install smoke detectors and heat sensors especially in server rooms, storage areas, and workshops.
  • Maintain clear evacuation routes. Keep aisles and exits free of clutter.
  • Provide adequate fire extinguishers and ensure workers know which type to use (CO2, foam, dry chemical)
  • Enforce chemical storage protocols

separate flammables and use proper ventilation

  • Train employees in fire response including alarm activation, extinguisher use, and evacuation procedures.
  • Conduct routine fire drills to improve readiness and reduce panic during real emergencies.


 With proper risk assessment, proactive equipment maintenance, and employee training, organizations can significantly reduce fire-related risks and protect both people and assets. Effective fire safety is not optional, it is a critical responsibility for every employer.

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A Form Three student died while a 36-year-old man was seriously injured when a container with 26 drums of petrol, each holding 500 litres, caught fire at the Mokowe Jetty, Lamu County.

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Eyewitnesses said the fire that broke out at about 12.30pm on Friday was caused by a generator that was being used to pump petrol from a lorry to the container. Mokowe Jetty Offloaders Association Chairman Mohamed Athman Yusuf said student Mohamed Farid, 16, was the son of the owner of the container.

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A faulty generator pumping fuel from a lorry into the container is said to have produced sparks that caused the explosion. The youth was holding the fuel pipe. \"A lorry had come from Mombasa to Mokowe with petrol. When it was connected to the container to pump petrol into the drums, a generator normally used to run the pump produced sparks which caused the container to blow up,\" he said.

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\"The one who died was inside the container with his assistant. We tried to put out the fire but were overwhelmed,\" said Mr Yusuf.

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The injured man was taken to King Fahad County Hospital and the body to the mortuary there.

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Mr Yusuf pointed out that the county had not responded by 3pm.

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Resident Abdalla Omar pointed an accusing finger at the Lamu government, saying it failed to respond to the tragedy. \"The county hasn't responded up to now. It is unfortunate that we were left on our own. We expected them to bring a fire engine but we haven't seen any,\" Mr Omar.

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Kenya Navy Soldiers from the Manda Naval Base who were sent to the scene put out the fire in at least six hours.

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Mokowe Jetty on Lamu's mainland has at least four petrol containers. Residents have called on the county to come up with laws regulating their operations because of the risks they face.

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Addressing journalists shortly after the incident, Basuba Ward Representative Barissa Deko said the county needed laws against the sale of petrol in residential areas. \"The incident should serve as a warning. It would be better for fuel dealers to be allocated a separate place for their operations. It's risky for petrol to be sold like soda in every kiosk. It's especially dangerous when a fire breaks out,\" said Mr Deko.

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Abdishukri Osman, the Kenya Ports Authority's Lamu Jetty Superintendent, said safety considerations were made in construction of the jetty in Lamu. \"The new jetty will have separate sections, including petrol stations, and a fire station for quick response to tragedies,\" he said.

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Mr Osman asked business people to be cautious and the county to distribute fire fighting equipment.

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", "showContent": "1", "pageDesc": "A faulty generator pumping fuel from a lorry into the container is said to have produced sparks that caused the explosion.", "dateCreated": "Apr 20, 2019 8:35 AM", "date_modified": "2024-10-27 23:12:54", "author": "Administrator", "postParent": "584", "isParent": "0", "pageImage": "uploads/images/202011/image_750x_5faa263b88e57.jpg", "showImage": "1", "imgThumbnail": "uploads/images/202011/image_750x415_5faa263b96fa0.jpg", "medium_thumbnail": null, "small_thumbnail": "uploads/images/202011/image_100x75_5faa263ba2d7c.jpg", "xs_thumbnail": null, "active": "1", "showOnNav": null, "pageType": "Blog", "carouselID": null, "template": "2", "icon": null, "featuredPage": "0", "slideImage": null, "slide_image_small": null, "webp_slide_image": null, "webp_slide_image_sm": null, "slideTitle": null, "slideCaption": null, "showCaption": "1", "hasComments": "0", "font_icon": null, "footer_link": "0", "page_video": null, "header_image": null, "menuImage": null, "youtube_playlist": null, "slider_title_color": null, "slider_caption_color": null, "caption_position": null, "slide_overlay": "0", "page_intro": null, "short_intro": null, "cta_text": null, "cta_url": null, "menu_title": null, "section_title": null, "embedded_page": "0", "resource_page": "0", "show_header": "1", "require_subscription": "0", "show_menu_title": "1", "image_url": "", "featured": null, "banner": null, "color": null, "date_created": "Apr 20, 2019", "parentSlug": "osh-news/fire-safety", "grandparentSlug": "osh-news", "url": "osh-news/fire-safety/student-killed-in-petrol-container-fire", "parentTitle": "Fire Safety", "title": "Student killed in Petrol Container Fire" }, { "pageID": null, "pageTitle": "A Framework for Fire Safety in Informal Settlements", "pageSlug": "a-framework-for-fire-safety-in-informal-settlements", "headline": null, "isRoot": "1", "pageCont": "

Over one billion people today live in slums, refugee camps and internally displaced persons camps in which fires pose a major threat. Fire causes 130,000 deaths globally per year, almost half of which occur in the low/low-middle SDI[2] countries, which are home to many informal settlements. In light of this, Arup's Fire Engineering and International Development team spent the last three years visiting informal settlements, conducting interviews with community leaders, fire and rescue services, NGOs, academic institutions and social businesses, and reviewing technical and academic literature to gain a deep understanding of the nature and scale of fires in informal settlements.

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Arup announced the release of its Framework for Fire Safety in Informal Settlements, ahead of the UN International Day for Disaster Reduction held on 13th October. Based on three years of in-depth research, the framework proposes a new way to think about fire risk in informal settlements. It aims to help NGOs, aid organisations and governments consider fire safety holistically and provides recommendations to help communities build their resilience.

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Danielle Antonellis, Fire Safety Engineer at Arup, explains: \"The global problem of fire safety in informal settlements remains largely neglected. It is often not incorporated in wider disaster planning, despite being recognised as a significant risk. Our research highlighted a major gap in fire safety knowledge, experience, assessment tools and construction guidance for these communities and the organisations which support them. This framework is an initial step to closing that gap and building resilience.\"

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The Framework provides a common language around fire safety for a wide range of stakeholders seeking to improve fire safety in these high-risk communities. Acknowledging the devastation a single fire can have, the Framework for Fire Safety in Informal Settlements is organised around four stages of the fire disaster cycle. It offers practical guidance to help NGOs, aid organisations and governments guide individual households, communities and cities to take proactive action at each of the following stages of the fire disaster cycle:

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  1. Mitigation - measures to prevent or reduce the likelihood, severity, and consequences of fire.
  2. \r\n
  3. Preparedness - strategies, procedures, resources and training that influence and inform stakeholders' fire response and recovery.
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  5. Response - actions taken during a fire incident to save lives, protect property and critical infrastructure.
  6. \r\n
  7. Recovery - actions taken in the aftermath of a fire incident, both immediately to assist with healthcare and welfare, and longer-term to return communities to normal life and bring about improvements in fire safety.
  8. \r\n
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Jo da Silva, Leader of Arup International Development, adds: \"With informal settlements, including slums, refugee and internally displaced persons camps, continuing to grow exponentially now is the time to empower these communities with fire safety knowledge and resources so they can become more resilient. Fire represents as a significant risk to lives and livelihoods, and needs to be considered in the context of other shocks and stresses vulnerable communities face. A holistic approach is needed that include hazard-specific action to reduce risk, alongside action to strengthen the resilience of communities to multiple hazards. We hope that this framework will support the incorporation of fire safety within decision-making on upgrading informal settlements as well as disaster planning. \"

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Source: ReliefWeb

", "showContent": "1", "pageDesc": "The framework aims to help NGOs and governments consider fire safety holistically and proposes a new way to think about fire risk in informal settlements. ", "dateCreated": "Oct 15, 2018 4:39 PM", "date_modified": "2024-10-27 23:12:54", "author": "Administrator", "postParent": "584", "isParent": "0", "pageImage": "uploads/images/202011/image_750x_5fae8c4258869.jpg", "showImage": "1", "imgThumbnail": "uploads/images/202011/image_750x415_5fae8c42657f8.jpg", "medium_thumbnail": null, "small_thumbnail": "uploads/images/202011/image_100x75_5fae8c427119e.jpg", "xs_thumbnail": null, "active": "1", "showOnNav": null, "pageType": "Blog", "carouselID": null, "template": "2", "icon": null, "featuredPage": "0", "slideImage": null, "slide_image_small": null, "webp_slide_image": null, "webp_slide_image_sm": null, "slideTitle": null, "slideCaption": null, "showCaption": "1", "hasComments": "0", "font_icon": null, "footer_link": "0", "page_video": null, "header_image": null, "menuImage": null, "youtube_playlist": null, "slider_title_color": null, "slider_caption_color": null, "caption_position": null, "slide_overlay": "0", "page_intro": null, "short_intro": null, "cta_text": null, "cta_url": null, "menu_title": null, "section_title": null, "embedded_page": "0", "resource_page": "0", "show_header": "1", "require_subscription": "0", "show_menu_title": "1", "image_url": "", "featured": null, "banner": null, "color": null, "date_created": "Oct 15, 2018", "parentSlug": "osh-news/fire-safety", "grandparentSlug": "osh-news", "url": "osh-news/fire-safety/a-framework-for-fire-safety-in-informal-settlements", "parentTitle": "Fire Safety", "title": "A Framework for Fire Safety in Informal Settlements" }, { "pageID": null, "pageTitle": "Security Guard Killed in Pub Fire", "pageSlug": "security-guard-killed-in-pub-fire", "headline": null, "isRoot": "1", "pageCont": "

A middle aged man died on Sunday night after a fire engulfed a local pub at Cheburbur area in Eldoret.

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The deceased, who was a night guard at the pub, burned beyond recognition in the inferno that razed down the entire premises.

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Eldoret East OCPD Richard Omanga said the man is suspected to have been drunk at the time of the incident, hence, he could not save himself.

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The cause of the fire could not be immediately established. The body of the deceased was taken to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital.

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Source: Citizen TV

", "showContent": "1", "pageDesc": "A middle aged man died on Sunday night after a fire engulfed a local pub at Cheburbur area in Eldoret.", "dateCreated": "Oct 2, 2018 3:40 PM", "date_modified": "2024-10-27 23:12:54", "author": "Administrator", "postParent": "584", "isParent": "0", "pageImage": "uploads/images/202011/image_750x_5fae7e371032c.jpg", "showImage": "1", "imgThumbnail": "uploads/images/202011/image_750x415_5fae7e3723ab7.jpg", "medium_thumbnail": null, "small_thumbnail": "uploads/images/202011/image_100x75_5fae7e372f186.jpg", "xs_thumbnail": null, "active": "1", "showOnNav": null, "pageType": "Blog", "carouselID": null, "template": "2", "icon": null, "featuredPage": "0", "slideImage": null, "slide_image_small": null, "webp_slide_image": null, "webp_slide_image_sm": null, "slideTitle": null, "slideCaption": null, "showCaption": "1", "hasComments": "0", "font_icon": null, "footer_link": "0", "page_video": null, "header_image": null, "menuImage": null, "youtube_playlist": null, "slider_title_color": null, "slider_caption_color": null, "caption_position": null, "slide_overlay": "0", "page_intro": null, "short_intro": null, "cta_text": null, "cta_url": null, "menu_title": null, "section_title": null, "embedded_page": "0", "resource_page": "0", "show_header": "1", "require_subscription": "0", "show_menu_title": "1", "image_url": "", "featured": null, "banner": null, "color": null, "date_created": "Oct 2, 2018", "parentSlug": "osh-news/fire-safety", "grandparentSlug": "osh-news", "url": "osh-news/fire-safety/security-guard-killed-in-pub-fire", "parentTitle": "Fire Safety", "title": "Security Guard Killed in Pub Fire" }, { "pageID": null, "pageTitle": "Fire Rips through Korogocho Market Barely a Day after the Gikomba Fire", "pageSlug": "fire-rips-through-korogocho-market-barely-a-day-after-the-gikomba-fire", "headline": null, "isRoot": "1", "pageCont": "

A Fierce fire ripped through Korogocho Market barely a day after the Gikomba Market fire tragedy. Property of unknown value was destroyed and stalls reduced to ashes. 

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According to the treasurer of the market Mr. Nicholas Mwange, the fire broke out a few minutes to 10pm. The flames are said to have started in the central section of the informal market, which has shanty eateries and kitchens.

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Mr. Mwange says that they suspect the owner of the restaurant forgot to drench the flames before leaving. According to some witnesses the fire spread quickly, flattening the tin stalls and destroying stock.

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Korogocho Senior Chief Nyabuto Omachi said there were no casualties but around 120 traders were affected by the fire. The only people who were at the market when the fire broke out were the watchmen.

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A combination of efforts between the traders, residents, firefighters from the Nairobi county government and the Kenya Red Cross helped contain the fire 

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Korogocho market has over 5,000 traders and mainly serves estates in Nairobi's Eastlands, including Kariobangi, Dandora, Baba Dogo, Buruburu, Huruma and Kiamaiko.

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A mysterious fire destroyed the administration block of Lukenya University in Makueni County, in the wake of Wednesday morning. No casualties were reported among the students and staff.

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The block that houses the Vice Chancellor's office and that of his deputy, the finance and the exams offices was reduced to ashes, the university’s community, neighbours and the county fire brigade helped contain the fire though nothing was salvaged.

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The students' leadership accused Makueni County government of laxity in putting out the fire saying the firefighters did not arrive in time. \"We woke up and started fighting the fire in vain. The fire fighting vehicle had to come all the way from Wote headquarters,\" said Were.

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Vitalis Ogur the Kibwezi Assistant County Commissioner was part of the team that led efforts to contain the fire. Mr.Ogur said that they are yet to establish the cause of the fire.

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